Pattern of Life from Socials

Pattern-of-life analysis turns scattered public posts into a model of where

someone is, when, and with whom. It is the most abusable technique in this

repo: the same method produces a due-diligence report and a stalking dossier.

The difference is authorization and scope, not tradecraft. The beginner error

is collecting posts instead of analysing them — screenshots of a feed are not

intelligence. Work four layers: account metadata, network, content, temporal

behaviour. The first and last are the two everyone skips, and the two the

subject can't curate.

Step 1 — Authorized scope

Read [../../ETHICS.md](../../ETHICS.md), then write down before opening a

single profile:

• Subject — the account(s) and the real-world entity you believe is behind

them.

• Objective — the question that ends the investigation. "Pattern of life"

is not one. "Does this vendor's EU lead actually live in the EU" is.

• In / out of bounds — explicitly. Minors, uninvolved family, home address,

health, religion, sexuality and immigration status are out unless the

objective requires them and you can defend that.

• Posture — observation only, or authorized interaction. Following, liking,

messaging and viewing stories are all interaction.

• Jurisdiction — yours, the subject's, the platform's.
• Stop condition — you stop when the objective is answered, when the trail

lands on an uninvolved third party, or when the only question left is "where

do they sleep."

Done when all six are recorded in the case file.

Step 2 — Choose a viewing identity, then preserve

Logged-out leaks less and sees less; logged-in sees more and leaks more.

Platforms variously report story views and profile visits to the subject, and

recommendation systems surface accounts that look at each other — so merely

viewing can put your research account in the subject's suggestions. Decide the

tradeoff using investigate-without-getting-made; never browse a subject from

a personal or employer account.

Then capture before you analyse. Accounts get locked or scrubbed

mid-investigation, often because someone noticed. Archive the profile and every

post you may cite via read-deleted-pages, and pull older snapshots — they

routinely show a previous bio, link, or handle. Save media locally.

Done when the viewing identity is recorded and everything you intend to

cite exists as an archive URL or a local file with a capture timestamp.

Step 3 — Layer one: account metadata

Go after what the subject never chose. Full per-platform behaviour is in the

[platform disclosure matrix](reference/platform-disclosure.md).

• Creation date. Shown outright on some platforms, derivable on others.

Snowflake-style 64-bit IDs encode a millisecond timestamp in their high bits,

offset from a platform-specific epoch — the ID is the signup time. Plain

sequential IDs give registration order, so you can bracket a date against

accounts of known age.

• The numeric ID. It survives handle changes, so it — not the handle — is

the durable selector. Record it.

• Handle history. Seldom a feature, usually recoverable from old mentions,

inbound links, archived snapshots and abandoned cross-posts. A freed handle

can be reclaimed by a stranger, so an old link proves nothing about current

control.

• Verification and linked accounts. Whether a badge is paid or

identity-checked changes what it's worth. Linked sites and business-account

contact fields expose emails and phone numbers the personal profile wouldn't.

Done when ID, creation date, handle history and every linked selector are

recorded with sources.

Step 4 — Layer two: network

A subject's OPSEC is nearly irrelevant if their relatives tag them.

• Early followers. The first accounts to follow a personal account are

overwhelmingly family, school friends and coworkers — it spread by word of

mouth before it had reach. Where follower ordering is observable, the oldest

tail is the highest-value segment on the page.

• Mutual-follow clusters. Reciprocal edges map real-world communities:

employer, school cohort, hometown, club. The cluster is the finding; a single

edge isn't.

• Tag direction. Who the subject tags is curated. Who tags the subject is

not. Inbound tags from an open-book cousin routinely deliver the birthday,

the house, the car and the workplace the locked-down subject withheld.

• Reply latency. Accounts that reliably comment within minutes are the

inner circle, regardless of follower counts.

Build this in graph-the-network, not as a list.

Done when the inner circle, one real-world cluster, and the third parties

who leak about the subject are identified and graded.

Step 5 — Layer three: content

Read past the subject of each photo to the accidental content: reflections in

windows, mirrors, glasses and dark screens; laptop and phone displays in frame;

paperwork such as boarding passes, parcel labels and event badges; vehicles,

plates, dealer frames and parking permits. Repeated backgrounds are what

upgrade a room from "somewhere" to "home" or "workplace" — count occurrences

and note the date span.

Run secrets-in-file-metadata on everything you downloaded: platforms differ

in whether they strip EXIF, and the same platform may strip it from an inline

image while preserving it in a file attachment or an original-quality download.

Do the geolocation itself in geolocate-from-pixels. Sanity-check anything

that looks too convenient with is-this-photo-real.

Done when each location-bearing artefact is logged with post URL, date, and

a pointer to the geolocation work.

Step 6 — Layer four: temporal behaviour

Extract every post timestamp into a table and plot hour-of-day and day-of-week.

The extraction schema is in the

[analytic checklist](reference/analytic-checklist.md).

A contiguous gap of roughly seven to nine hours is the sleep window, and its

position gives a UTC offset — enough to separate continents, not neighbours. A

weekday dip through business hours suggests employment with restricted device

access; the inverse suggests shift work or a job spent online. Sudden

multi-day offset shifts are travel.

What wrecks this: scheduling tools post at fixed wall-clock times regardless of

where the human is, so a scheduled account measures the scheduler; platforms

may render timestamps in the viewer's locale; edits can carry the edit time;

and cross-posting bridges or shared team accounts blend several humans into one

histogram. Establish that posting is manual before reading anything into shape.

Done when both distributions exist over a stated sample window, with an

explicit inferred UTC offset and its confidence.

Step 7 — Consolidate and report

Link accounts on evidence: the same avatar file, the same link-in-bio target,

follower-set overlap, aligned histograms. Writing style alone is a lead, not a

link. Then run write-the-intel-brief. Every claim cites a post or archive URL

and a date; every temporal conclusion states sample window and sample size.

Done when no claim lacks a citation and no inference lacks a grade.

Where this goes wrong

• Sample bias. You're reading a self-published subset of a life. Silence

means "didn't post," never "wasn't there."

• Backdating. A post date is an upper bound on the event date. Photos get

posted months late, reposted, or lifted from someone else entirely.

• The account is not the person. Handles are sold, inherited, hacked and

recycled; a long history may have changed hands. Partners, assistants and

agencies post as the subject — two behavioural signatures in one histogram

usually means two humans.

• Curated self-report. Location, job title and relationship status are

marketing copy, and a common name plus a matching city is a coincidence

generator, not a match.

• Rendering differences. Timestamps, follower ordering and mutual

indicators change with login state, and are often approximate ("2h", "last

week") rather than exact.

• Observation changes the subject. One who locks down mid-case may have

been tipped off by you.

Grading a finding

• Confirmed — an authoritative record or the subject states it, or two

independent artefacts of different types agree (an inbound tag from a

separate account plus a geolocated background). Both archived.

• Probable — several consistent signals of the same type, or one strong

signal with nothing contradicting it: a repeated background plus a temporal

pattern consistent with living there.

• Unconfirmed — single-source, self-reported, style-based, or drawn from

too small a sample. A timezone from a few dozen posts or fewer is

unconfirmed, full stop.

Downgrade anything resting on an assumption you can't state in one sentence.

Worked example

Objective: confirm a supplier's "EU operations lead" is in Europe, as the

contract requires.

Bio says Lisbon. The numeric ID decodes to a signup years before the company

existed — so the bio says nothing about the present. Four months of timestamps

cluster 14:00–05:00 UTC with a dead zone 06:00–13:00: a sleep window centred

near 09:00 UTC, wrong for Lisbon, consistent with the Americas. Dead end: no

geotags anywhere, and the platform stripped EXIF from every download.

The network layer breaks it. Early followers cluster around one US state

university, and a relative tags the subject at a named local restaurant on a

date the subject publicly claimed to be in Portugal; a repeated kitchen

background appears on both sides of that date. Graded probable — no

authoritative record places the subject anywhere, and a histogram can't

separate adjacent countries. Reported with the sample window stated.

Pivots

You now have	Take it to
Handle and variants	hunt-a-handle
Avatar, banner, posted photo	find-the-original-image, is-this-photo-real
Photo needing place or time	geolocate-from-pixels
Downloaded media files	secrets-in-file-metadata
Exposed email / phone	what-an-email-reveals, whose-number-is-this, what-leaked-about-you
Corroborated personal name	find-anyone
Employer, brand page, link-in-bio domain	x-ray-a-company, recon-a-domain-passively
Follower and mutual edges	graph-the-network
Deleted or edited posts	read-deleted-pages
Aircraft or vessel in posts	track-planes-and-ships
Wallet address or ENS name	follow-the-crypto

Legal and ToS

Automated collection of profile and follower data breaches the terms of service

of essentially every major platform and has been litigated as a computer-misuse

matter in some jurisdictions; manual viewing of public content generally has

not. Creating an account to view a subject is at minimum a ToS problem, and a

fraud problem if you misrepresent identity to gain access.

Under GDPR and comparable regimes "publicly available" is not itself a lawful

basis, and profiling a person's location and routine is high-risk processing.

Political opinion, health, religion, sexuality and union membership are special

categories — if they surface incidentally and aren't in scope, don't record

them. And the one that matters: sustained monitoring of an individual's

location and routine meets the statutory definition of stalking in many

jurisdictions, and sourcing it publicly is not a defence. Authorization, a

written objective and a stop condition are what make this work lawful.